Regular monitoring of the seroprevalence at each site should be indicated to establish the epidemiology of COVID-19. Table 1 Summary of population-based studies. = 91)4570.5Fiore et al. male and female subjects. Some, but not all, studies have shown that children have a lower risk than other age groups. Finally, seroprevalence can vary according to different populations, such as pregnant women and hemodialysis patients; however, limited studies have examined these associations. Furthermore, the continued surveillance of seroprevalence is usually warranted to estimate and monitor the growing burden of COVID-19. Keywords: Antibody, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Population-based survey, Seroprevalence Introduction Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) only emerged at the end of 2019, the associated diseaseCcoronavirus Fli1 disease 2019 (COVID-19)Chas spread rapidly to more than 180 countries/regions worldwide and has consequently led to a global pandemic (World Health Business (WHO), 2020). As of September 7, 2020, nearly 27 million COVID-19 cases have been reported ST 101(ZSET1446) worldwide, causing 876,616 deaths, with an ST 101(ZSET1446) associated case fatality rate of 3.3% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2020, Lai et al., 2020a, Lai et al., 2020b, Sheng et al., 2020). Currently, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is usually confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 via real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays that target open reading frame-1 antibodies, envelope proteins, nucleocapsid proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes, and the N1, N2, and N3 target genes, among suspected cases with an exposure history and indicators/symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 contamination (Lai et al., 2020c). However, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include both respiratory and extra-respiratory signs and symptoms and can range from an asymptomatic moderate disease to severe disease/acute respiratory tract infections (Lai et al., 2020d, Lai et al., 2020e, Li et al., 2020a, Li et al., 2020b). Therefore, misdiagnosis of COVID-19 can occur in patients without a characteristic presentation, even for asymptomatic and moderate infections, and in places where qRT-PCR is usually unavailable. These issues could limit our understanding of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 contamination and further impact the implementation of contamination control and prevention policies. To resolve this issue, the use of a serological test to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be a better way to estimate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 contamination than the PCR method, and help improve understanding of the associated epidemiology (Lai et al., 2020c, Eckerle and Meyer, 2020, Ko et al., 2020). Hence, this review was conducted to provide updated and comprehensive information about the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody in different populations. Population-based seroprevalence studies Europe Several large population-based studies have been conducted in COVID-19 hotspots (Polln et al., 2020, Stringhini et al., 2020, Fiore et al., 2020, Vena et al., 2020, Gallian et al., 2020, Bogogiannidou et al., 2020, Silveira et al., 2020, Amorim Filho et al., 2020, Sood et al., 2020, Ng et al., 2020, Rosenberg et al., 2020, Havers et al., 2020, Nir et al., 2020, Sutton et al., 2020, McLaughlin et al., 2020, Naranbhai et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2020, Chughtai et al., 2020, Younas et al., 2020, Sam et al., 2020). In Spain, a nationwide, population-based sero-epidemiological study was conducted from April 27 to May 11, 2020 (Encuesta Seroepidemiolgica de la Infeccin por el Computer virus SARS-COV-2 en Espa?a; ENE-COVID). In that study, 202,35,883 households were in the beginning selected from your municipal rolls, using a two-stage random sampling method with stratification by province and municipality size. A total of 61,075 participants received the point-of-care test (Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette; Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech, Zhejiang, China; reference GCCOV-402a), and among them, 51,958 further received a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay ST 101(ZSET1446) for the qualitative detection of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (SARS-CoV-2 IgG for ST 101(ZSET1446) use with ARCHITECT; Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA; reference 06R8620). The seroprevalence was found to be 5.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7C5.4%) by the point-of-care test and 4.6% (95% CI 4.3C5.0%) by the immunoassay, with a specificityCsensitivity range of 3.7% (95% CI ST 101(ZSET1446) 3.3C4.0%; both assessments positive) to 6.2% (95% CI 5.8C6.6%; either test positive) (Polln.
Regular monitoring of the seroprevalence at each site should be indicated to establish the epidemiology of COVID-19
